Gold, Mark S. Cocaine (and Crack): Clinical Aspects (181-198), Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook, Third Edition, Lowinson, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
Harvey, John A. and Kosofsky, Barry, eds. Cocaine: Effects on the Developing Brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 846, 1998.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: Vol. 1. Highlights and Executive Summary of the Community Epidemiology Work Group. NIH Pub. No. 98-4207. Washington, DC: Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1997.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIDA Infofax, Crack and Cocaine, 1998.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Survey Results on Drug Use From the Monitoring the Future Survey, 1998.
Office of National Drug Control Policy. The National Drug Control Strategy, 1998: A Ten Year Plan.
Snyder, Solomon H. Drugs and the Brain (122-130). New York: Scientific American Library, 1996.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Preliminary Results from the 1997 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. SAMHSA, 1998.
Ecstasy Article ReferencesNational Institute on Drug Abuse. Research Report – Ecstasy, March 2006, Vol. 06-4728
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use 2004.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies. Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (NSDUH Series H-28). DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 05-4062. SAMHSA, (2005).
Fentanyl Article ReferencesNational Institute on Drug Abuse. Drug Pages – Fentanyl. http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/fentanyl.html
Hallucinogen Article References2005 Monitoring the Future survey, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, and conducted annually by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th-graders’ illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975; in 1991, 8th- and 10th-graders were added to the study. The latest data are online at www.drugabuse.gov.
NSDUH (formerly known as the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) is an annual survey of Americans age 12 and older conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Copies of the latest survey are available at www.samhsa.gov and from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 800-729-6686.
Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs Research Report - National Institute on Drug Abuse http://www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/hallucinogens/
hallucinogens.html
InfoFacts on High School and Youth Trends http://www.drugabuse.gov/infofacts/HSYouthtrends.html
Abraham, H.D.; Aldridge, A.M.; and Gogia, P. The psychopharmacology of hallucinogens. Neuropsychopharmacology 14: 285-298, 1996.
Aghajanian, G.K., and Marek, G.J. Serotonin and hallucinogens. Neuropsychopharmacology 21: 16S-23S, 1999.
Backstrom, J.R.; Chang, M.S.; Chu, H.; Niswender, C.M.; and Sanders-Bush, E. Agonist-directed signaling of serotonin 5-HT2c receptors: differences between serotonin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Neuropsychopharmacology 21: 77S-81S, 1999.
Carroll, M.E. PCP and hallucinogens. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse 9(1-2): 167-190, 1990.
Christophersen, A.S. Amphetamine designer drugs: an overview and epidemiology. Toxicology Letters 112-113: 127-131, 2000.
Frankenheim, J., and Lin, G.C. Hallucinogenic Drugs. In: Craighead, W.E., and Nemeroff, C., eds. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Neuroscience. New York: John Wiley & Sons, in press.
Hofmann, A. LSD: My Problem Child. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
Javitt, D.C., and Zukin, S.R. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 148:1301-1308, 1991.
Sanders-Bush, E. Neurochemical Evidence That Hallucinogenic Drugs are 5-HT2c Receptor Agonists: What Next? In: Lin, G.C., and Glennon, R.A., eds. Hallucinogens: An Update. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph No. 146. NIH Pub. No. 94-3872. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994.
Ungerleider, J.T., and Pechnick, R.N. Hallucinogens. In: Lowenstein, J.H.; Ruiz, P.; and Millman, R.B., eds. Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook, Second Edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1992.
Heroin Article ReferencesNational Institute on Drug Abuse. NIDA InfoFacts: Heroin http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/heroin.html
These data are from the annual Drug Abuse Warning Network, funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, DHHS. The survey provides information about emergency department visits that are induced by or related to the use of an illicit drug or the nonmedical use of a legal drug. The latest data are available at 800-729-6686 or online at www.samhsa.gov
** These data are from the 2005 Monitoring the Future Survey, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, and conducted annually by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th-graders’ illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975; in 1991, 8th- and 10th-graders were added to the study. The latest data are online at www.drugabuse.gov.
*** "Lifetime" refers to use at least once during a respondent's lifetime. "Annual" refers to use at least once during the year preceding an individual's response to the survey. "30-day" refers to use at least once during the 30 days preceding an individual’s response to the survey
**** CEWG is a NIDA-sponsored network of researchers from 21 major U.S. metropolitan areas and selected foreign countries who meet semiannually to discuss the current epidemiology of drug abuse. CEWG’s most recent reports are available at www.drugabuse.gov/about/organization/cewg/pubs.html
***** NSDUH (formerly known as the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) is an annual survey of Americans age 12 and older conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Copies of the latest survey are available at www.samhsa.gov and from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 800-729-6686.
Inhalant Article ReferencesBalster, R.L. Neural basis of inhalant abuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 51(1-2):207-214, 1998.
Bowen, S.E.; Wiley, J.L.; Evans, E.B.; Tokarz, M.E.; and Balster, R.L. Functional observational battery comparing effects of ethanol, 1,1,1-trichlorethane, ether, and flurothyl. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 18(5):577-585, 1996.
Drug Abuse Warning Network, funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, DHHS. The survey provides information about emergency department visits that are induced by or related to the use of an illicit drug or the nonmedical use of a legal drug. The latest data are available at 800-729-6686 or online at www.samhsa.gov.
Edwards, R.W., and Oetting, E.R. Inhalant use in the United States. In: Kozel, N.; Sloboda, Z.; and De La Rosa, M. (eds.), Epidemiology of Inhalant Abuse: An International Perspective. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 148. DHHS Publication No. NIH 95-3831. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 8-28, 1995.
Fendrich, M.; Mackesy-Amiti, M.E.; Wislar, J.S.; and Goldstein, P.J. Childhood abuse and the use of inhalants: Differences by degree of use. American Journal of Public Health 87(5):765-769, 1997.
Jones, H.E., and Balster, R.L. Inhalant abuse in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 25(1):153-167, 1998.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIDA InfoFacts, Inhalants, 2005.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Research Report: Inhalant 2005 http://www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/ Inhalants/Inhalants.html
National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Survey Results on Drug Use From the Monitoring the Future Study, 2005 (www.monitoringthefuture.org). 2005 Monitoring the Future Survey, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, and conducted annually by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th-graders’ illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975; in 1991, 8th- and 10th-graders were added to the study. The latest data are online at www.drugabuse.gov.
NSDUH (formerly known as the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) is an annual survey of Americans age 12 and older conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Copies of the latest survey are available at www.samhsa.gov and from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 800-729-6686
PRIDE Surveys National Summary for Grades 4 thru 6, 2002-2003.
Riegel, A.C., and French, E.D. Acute toluene induces biphasic changes in rat spontaneous locomotor activity which are blocked by remoxipride. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 62(3):399-402, 1999.
Sharp, C.W., and Rosenberg, N.L. Inhalants. In: Lowinson, J.H.; Ruiz, P.; Millman, R.B.; and Langrod, J.G. (eds.), Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook, 3d. ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 246-264, 1996.
Sharp, C.W., and Rosenberg, N. Inhalant-related disorders. In: Tasman, A.; Kay, J.; and Lieberman, J.A. (eds.), Psychiatry, Vol. 1. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 835-852, 1997.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. National Findings From the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. SAMHSA, 2003.
Soderberg, L.S. Immunomodulation by nitrite inhalants may predispose abusers to AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. Journal of Neuroimmunology 83(1-2):157-161, 1998.
Soderberg, L.S. Increased tumor growth in mice exposed to inhaled isobutyl nitrite. Toxicology Letters 104(1-2):35-41, 1999.
Woody, G.E.; Donnell, D.; Seage, G.R.; et al. Non-injection substance use correlates with risky sex among men having sex with men: Data from HIV/NET. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 53(3):197-205, 1999.
LSD Article ReferencesThe 2005 Monitoring the Future survey, is funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, and conducted annually by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th-graders’ illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975; in 1991, 8th- and 10th-graders were added to the study. The latest data are online at www.drugabuse.gov.
"Lifetime" refers to use at least once during a respondent’s lifetime. "Annual" refers to use at least once during the year preceding an individual’s response to the survey. "30-day" refers to use at least once during the 30 days preceding an individual's response to the survey.
NSDUH (formerly known as the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) is an annual survey of Americans age 12 and older conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Copies of the latest survey are available at www.samhsa.gov and from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 800-729-6686.
NIDA InfoFacts: LSD. http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/ACIDLSD.html Revised 05/06
Marijuana Article ReferencesNational Institute on Drug Abuse - Marijuana. http://www.drugabuse.gov/DrugPages/Marijuana.html
National Institute on Drug Abuse – Info Facts http://www.drugabuse.gov/infofacts/marijuana.html
National Institute on Drug Abuse – Research Report-Marijuana Abuse http://www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/ Marijuana/default.html
Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H–27, DHHS Publication No. SMA 05–4061). Rockville, MD, 2004. NSDUH is an annual survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Copies of the latest survey are available from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 800-729-6686.
Drug Abuse Warning Network, funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, DHHS. The survey provides information about emergency department visits that are induced by or related to the use of an illicit drug or the nonmedical use of a legal drug. The latest data are available at 800-729-6686 or online at www.samhsa.gov.
2005 Monitoring the Future Survey, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, and conducted annually by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th-graders’ illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975; in 1991, 8th- and 10th-graders were added to the study. The latest data are online at www.drugabuse.gov.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2003: Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions by Primary Substance of Abuse, According to Sex, Age Group, Race, and Ethnicity, funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, DHHS. The latest data are available at 800-729-6686 or online at www.samhsa.gov.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NSDUH Series H-25. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 04-3964. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2004.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NSDUH Series H-25. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 04-3964. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2004.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992-2002, National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. DASIS Series: S-23, DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 04-3965. Rockville, MD: DHHS, 2004.
Prescription Drug Article ReferencesNIDA Community Alert Bulletin on Prescription Drugs. September, 2005. NIH Pub. No.: 05-5580. National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI)
Ewing, J.A. "Detecting Alcoholism: The CAGE Questionnaire." Journal of the American Medical Association 252(14):1905-1907, 1984.
For more information on addiction to prescription medications, visit www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/prescription.html.
* Data from the 2005 Monitoring the Future Survey, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, and conducted by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th-graders’ illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975; in 1991, 8th- and 10th-graders were added to the study. The latest data are online at www.drugabuse.gov.
** “Lifetime” refers to use at least once during a respondent’s lifetime. “Annual” refers to use at least once during the year preceding an individual’s response to the survey. “30-day” refers to use at least once during the 30 days preceding an individual’s response to the survey.
*** NSDUH (formerly known as the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) is an annual survey of Americans age 12 and older conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Copies of the latest survey are available at www.samhsa.gov and from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 800-729-6686.
**** Data from the annual Drug Abuse Warning Network, funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, DHHS. The survey provides information about emergency department visits that are induced by or related to the use of an illicit drug or the nonmedical use of a legal drug. The latest data are available at 800-729-6686 or online at www.samhsa.gov.
Steroids Article ReferencesThe Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. Creatine and androstenedione-two "dietary supplements." 40(1039): 105-106, 1998.
The New England Journal of Medicine 320:1532, 2000.
NIH Publication No. 03-3860. Printed 1997. Reprinted 1998, 2000. 2003.
The 2004 Monitoring the Future Survey is funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, and conducted by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th-graders’ illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975; in 1991, 8th- and 10th-graders were added to the survey. The latest data is available online at http://www.drugabuse.gov. "Lifetime" refers to use at least once during a respondent's lifetime. "Annual" refers to an individual's drug use at least once during the year preceding their response to the survey. "30-day" refers to an individual's drug use at least once during the month preceding their response to the survey.
Please also visit NIDA's steroids-specific Web site for further information on the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids and information on healthy alternatives - http://www.steroidabuse.org
Other ReferencesNIDA Research Report: Methamphetamine Abuse and Addiction.NIH Publication No. 02-4210, Printed April 1998, Reprinted January 2002. http://www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/methamph/methamph.html
Info Facts Report on Methamphetamine. http://www.drugabuse.gov/Infofax/methamphetamine.html
Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 33: Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders.http://www.ncadi.samhsa.gov/govpubs/BKD289/
DEA, "Drug Intelligence Brief: The Forms of Methamphetamine," April 2002
Side Effects ReferencesPartnership for a Drug Free America – Signs of Meth Use Sheet
Signs of Meth ReferencesA Quick Guide to Finding Effective Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment (CSAT/SAMHSA, NCADI Publication No. PHD877
Types of Treatment ReferencesNIDA Research Report - Methamphetamine Abuse and Addiction: NIH Publication No. 02-4210, Printed April 1998, Reprinted January 2002.
Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide: NIH Publication No. 00-4180Printed October 1999, Reprinted July 2000
http://www.health.org/govpubs/bkd289/33f.asp)
Thinking About Treatment ReferencesCSAT - DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 02-3616 NCADI Publication No. PHD877
Treatment Myths ReferencesPrinciples of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide. (October 1999). National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health; Alan I. Leshner, Ph.D.,
Teens and Methamphetamines ReferencesNational Institute on Drug Abuse. Mind Over Matter: Methamphetamines (http://teens.drugabuse.gov/mom/mom_meth1.asp). Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. NIH Publication No.03-4394. Printed 1997. Reprinted 1998, 2000, 2003. Retrieved May 2005.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Exploring Myths about Drug Abuse" by Alan I. Leshner, Ph.D., Director,
National Institute on Drug Abuse. The Brain: Understanding Neurobiology Through the Study of Addiction: NIH Pub. No. 00-4871.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Brain Power! The NIDA Junior Scientists Program: NIH Pub. No. 01-4575. Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. 2000.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Mind Over Matter: The Brain's Response to Drugs Teacher's Guide: NIH Pub. No. 020-3592. Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. Printed 1997. Reprinted 1998, 2002. Revised 2000.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIDA InfoFacts: Drug Addiction Treatment Methods: Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. Retrieved June 2003.
Parents and Methamphetamines ReferencesJohnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2006). Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2005 (NIH Publication No. 06-5882). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 67 pp
Navigating the Teen Years – A Parent’s Handbook for Raising Healthy Teens. American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.theantidrug.com/
Join Together (www.jointogether.org)
Faces of Meth. Multnomah County Sheriff’s Office - Portland, Oregon.2005 http://www.facesofmeth.us/
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